Nigeria Overview and Nigeria Maps - New Edition

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Country name: The Federal Republic of Nigeria

Independence Day: October 1 (1960)

National Day: October 1st (1960)

Flag: It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of 2:1. The flag is made up of three parallel vertical rectangles with green on both sides and white in the middle. Green symbolizes agriculture, white symbolizes peace and unity.

National emblem: The center pattern is a coat of arms. The black shield is painted with a white "Y" pattern, black symbolizes the fertile land of Nigeria, and the "Y" pattern symbolizes the Niger River, which flows through the country's largest river, and its tributary, the Benues River. The upper part of the coat of arms is an eagle that stretches its wings. There is a white horse on both sides. The hawk and horse symbolize dignity and strength. The coat of arms and the white horse stand on the grass dotted with flowers, and the lower part of the coffin is written in English with the words "unity and confidence, peace and progress."

Natural geography: an area of ​​more than 92,000 square kilometers. Nepal is located in the southeastern part of West Africa and south of the Atlantic Ocean in the Gulf of Guinea. West is bordered by Benin, north is bordered by Niger, northeast by Chad Lake and Chad, east and southeast by Cameroon. The coastline is 800 kilometers long. The terrain is high from north to south. The coastal area is a strip-shaped plain with a width of about 80 km; the southern low hills are 200-500 m above sea level in most of the area; the middle is the Niger-Benue valley; the northern Hausalland is over 1/4 of the national area, with an average elevation. 900 meters; the eastern border is mountainous, northwest and northeast are Sokoto Basin and Chad Lake West Basin, respectively. There are numerous rivers, the Niger River and its tributary Benue River are the main rivers, and the Niger River is 1400 kilometers long in the country. It is a tropical monsoon climate with high temperature and rain. It is divided into dry season and rainy season throughout the year, and the annual average temperature is 26-27°C.

Population: Nigeria is the largest population in Africa with a population of 140 million (2006). There are more than 250 ethnic groups in the country, of which the main ones are the Hausa-Fulani in the north, the Yoruba in the southwest, and the Ibo in the east. The main national languages ​​of Nepal include Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo. English is the official language. Among residents, 50% believe in Islam, 40% in Christianity, and 10% in others.

Capital: Abuja. The population is about 3 million (2005). The capital used to be the southern port of Lagos. In December 1991, it moved to the mainland city of Abuja. The average maximum temperature is 34 to 37°C and the average minimum temperature is 20°C.

National political figures: President Umaru Yar'Adua, elected in April 2007, was sworn in in May of the same year.

Brief history: Nigeria is an ancient country with African civilization. It has a relatively developed culture more than 2,000 years ago. The famous cultures of Nock, Ife and Benin have made Nigeria enjoy the reputation of "cradle of culture" in Africa. In the 8th century, Zaghawa nomadic tribes established the Kanem-Bornu empire around Lake Chad. From the 14th to the 16th century, the Sanghai Empire was extremely popular. Portuguese invasion of 1472. The British invasion in the middle of the 16th century. In 1914, he became a British colony and called "the Nigerian colony and the protectorate." In 1947, the United Kingdom ratified the new Constitution of Nigeria and established the federal government. In 1954, the Nigerian Federation achieved internal autonomy. October 1, 1960 declared independence and became a member of the Commonwealth. On October 1, 1963, the Federal Republic of Nigeria was established. After the independence, several military coups took place, and the military was in power for a long time. In November 1993, the military government headed by Abacha took over the government and formed an interim leadership committee and a federal executive committee to exercise state power. On 8 June 1998, Abacha died suddenly. On the 9th, Abu Bakar, chief of the defense staff, took over as commander-in-chief of the head of state and armed forces and decided to hand over power to the elected government on May 29, 1999. In the presidential election held in February 1999, the candidate of the People’s Democratic Party and the former head of state Obasanjo were elected as presidents of the Fourth Republic and took office on May 29. Nigerian President Announces Withdrawal from Bakassi Peninsula

Administrative divisions: the federal system. There are three levels of federal, state and local government. In October 1996, the administrative area was re-divided and the country was divided into a federal capital area, 36 states, and 774 local governments. The 36 states are: Abia State, Acqua Ibom, Adamawa, Anambra, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Edo State, Enugu State, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kabil, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Niger, Austria Gongzhou, Ondo State, Orson State, Vaujo State, Plateau State, Rivers State, Sokoto State, Taraba State, Jobby Region, Gombe State, Nasarawa State, Zamfara State, Egypt Bayi, Ekiti, Bayelsa.

Politics: The current constitution was announced on May 5, 1999 and formally implemented on May 29 of the same year. The Constitution was revised on the basis of the 1979 Constitution of Nepal. The main contents include: Nepal is an inalienable sovereign state, and the federal system is adopted; the political system of separation of powers is implemented; the president is the highest chief executive, and the cabinet is governed by the government; the National Assembly is divided into two parts, the House of Representatives, and the highest legislative body of the country. Members are directly elected for a term of four years; the Supreme Court is the highest judicial body; the President and the National Assembly are all elected; the President's term of office is four years, and no more than two consecutive terms.

Economy: Nigeria is the number one oil producer in Africa and the tenth largest oil producer in the world. It is also one of the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Nigeria has proven oil reserves of 35.2 billion barrels, 2.5 million barrels of crude oil a day. In the early days of independence, Nigeria was an agricultural country. In the 1970s, the oil industry rose and became a pillar industry of its national economy. At present, the output value of the oil industry accounts for 20% to 30% of Nigeria's GDP, 95% of Nepal's foreign exchange earnings and 80% of the federal government's fiscal revenue are all derived from the oil industry. In recent years, Nigeria's annual oil exports have exceeded 10 billion U.S. dollars. Nigeria is also rich in natural gas, coal and other resources. Nepal has proven natural gas reserves of 5 trillion cubic meters, ranking the world's forefront. Nigeria's coal reserves of about 2.75 billion tons, is the only coal-producing country in West Africa.
After the 1980s, with the drop in oil prices in the international market, the Nigerian economy was in trouble. In 1992, it was listed as a low-income country by the International Monetary Fund. In 1995, the government reorganized the economy and achieved certain results. In 1998, due to the drop in oil prices on the international market and the suspension of production of domestic refineries, the economic growth slowed down. After Obasanjo took office in 1999, he actively promoted the reform of liberalization and privatization, implemented a tight monetary policy, severely restricted the borrowing of new debt, vigorously supported agriculture, and strengthened the development of oil, natural gas, mining, and other industries and infrastructure construction. Actively seek foreign investment, foreign aid and debt relief. Due to the favorable external factors in the continuous rise of oil prices in the international market, Nigeria’s economic situation has improved. The main manufacturing industries are textiles, vehicle assembly, wood processing, cement, beverages and food processing, which are mostly concentrated in and around Lagos. The infrastructure has been in disrepair for a long time and the technology level is relatively low. Most industrial products still rely on imports. Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP. 70% of the country's labor force is engaged in agriculture. The main agricultural production areas are concentrated in the northern regions. The mode of agricultural production is still dominated by the small-scale peasant economy. Grain cannot be self-sufficient, and it still needs a lot of imports each year.

Press and Publication: The news and publishing industry is more developed. There are nearly 100 kinds of newspapers and magazines in the country, and there are dozens of radio and television stations. Federal and state governments have a Department of Public Information in charge of public affairs. The main newspapers include "Buddha Daily News" (English), "Daily Times" (English), "The Guardian" (English), "New Nigerian People" (English and Hausa), "Nation and News" (English), Pioneer News (English). The Nigerian News Agency (abbreviated as NAN) was the official news agency established in October 1978, and the Pan-African News Agency’s general branch office in West Africa was also undertaken by the Nepal News Agency. The predecessor of the Federal Broadcasting Corporation of Nigeria (FRCN) was the Nigerian Federal Radio Broadcasting Corporation established in 1952. It was changed to its current name in June 1978. Founded in 1962, the National Television Station of Nigeria (NTA for short) is headed by the Federal Ministry of Information and Culture and has more than 5,000 employees. The country is zoned as 6 TV zones. There are currently 45 television stations, of which 13 are private cable television and satellite relay stations.

Diplomacy: Pursuing a diversified foreign policy of non-alignment, good-neighborly friendship, and "taking national interests as the center." Actively safeguard Africa’s solidarity, promote regional cooperation, and promote the economic integration process in West Africa. Actively participate in the peacekeeping operations of the United Nations and African regional organizations and seek to play the role of African powers.

Relations with China: Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Nigeria and China on February 10, 1971, the friendly cooperation between the two countries has developed smoothly. The cooperation between the two sides in the fields of economy and trade, oil and gas development, infrastructure construction, agriculture, and high-tech has developed rapidly with remarkable results. In 2005, the bilateral trade volume between China and Nigeria reached 2.83 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 29.6% year-on-year. Nigeria has become China’s important trading partner and investment target in Africa. In April 2005, President Obasanjo paid a state visit to China and the two countries issued a joint communiqué. In April 2006, President Hu Jintao paid a state visit to Nigeria and Hu Jintao delivered an important speech entitled "Joint Efforts to Develop a New Strategic Partnership between China and Africa" ​​in the National Assembly of Nigeria. The two countries also issued a joint communiqué. Important Events in the Exchange of Leaders Between China and Nepal

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