Waste Paper Recycling and Utilization (Chinese)
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Those who have visited the United States would like to know that in every city in the U.S., there are many large-scale dedicated trucks that collect yellow paper bags along the street every morning, and yellow paper bags contain waste paper products. It should be said that the management departments of every state and every city in the United States are trying to establish many rules and create more convenient conditions to facilitate the recycling and reuse of waste paper products. Therefore, the United States has become the world's export waste paper. One of the largest countries. It is reported that in 1995, waste paper recycling in the United States reached 36 million tons, of which more than 10 million tons were exported to Asia and Europe, accounting for almost one-third of its total waste paper exports. More information states that the US recovered nearly 100 million tons of waste paper products in 1998, and it is reported that relevant departments in the country have decided that by the end of this century, the recycling rate of waste paper products in the United States will increase from the current 44.8% to more than 50%; the federal government It is also clearly stated that it is required to promote the use of recycled paper throughout the country in order to promote the recovery and utilization of waste resources and achieve the dual purposes of environmental protection and conservation. Although the United States does not have a strict and comprehensive packing order similar to that of the European countries, as the world’s largest industrial country, the United States had promulgated “MIL-HDBK742 Disposal Standards for Military Packaging Materials Discarded†as early as 1973, and later in the early 1990s. Formulated the "Resource Protection and Recycling Law." It is worth mentioning that a plastic recycling mark passed by the 36 states of the United States in 1993 was to put a number from 1 to 7 in a triangular mark, and then put these triangles in plastic containers of different materials. Above, such as: 1 for polyester plastic (PET), 2 for high density polyethylene (HDPE), 3 for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 4 for low density polyethylene (LDPE), 5 for polypropylene (PP), 6 stands for polystyrene (PS) and 7 stands for other plastics. U.S. legislation requires that all domestic plastic products that are marketed must be marked with this standard. This does not require too much extra cost, but also greatly increases the recycling rate and handling convenience of consumer plastics. It should be said that this method is worthy of our reference in the recycling of waste paper products.
Germany ranks first in the world with 66.5% waste paper recycling efficiency. The acquisition of this laurel depends not only on the long-standing consciousness of the Germans, but also on the strictness of the national legislation. Germany was the first country in the world to pay attention to the recycling and use of packaging waste. As early as in 1991, it issued a more stringent "Packaging-V packaging waste disposal" ordinance. The goals of this decree administration are:
The packaging must meet the requirements of environmental protection, and the packaging materials used can be recycled and utilized.
Minimize the production of packaging waste by:
1 For the protection of goods and sales of goods, the quantity and weight of packaging should be limited to the minimum range.
2 In the case that the technical conditions permit and are consistent with the relevant provisions of the goods, the package must be re-used.
3 If there is no re-use condition, the packaging material can be recycled and used after processing.
The ordinance also clearly puts forward specific indicators for the recycling rate of packaging waste implemented in three phases. The recovery rate of paper products in the first phase is 30%, the second phase is 60-80%, and the third phase must reach 80%. By 1994, Germany had also promulgated the "Law on Recycling and Waste Management," which stipulated comprehensively the responsibilities of producers, sellers and users of packaged products. The law requires manufacturers of packaging materials to assume responsibility for their products. "Cradle to Grave" is the legal responsibility of the entire life cycle. Germany uses green dot marking for the packaging of goods. The marking is printed on the main surface of the packaging, indicating that the packaging has been accepted as a retail package, and that the packaging material can be recycled and recycled. (To be continued)