Research and Application of Environmental Monitoring System in Smart Home

The home environment refers to the environment of family reunion, rest, study and housework. The quality of the home environment directly affects the morbidity and mortality of residents. Urban residents spend about 90% of their time working, studying and living indoors every day. Therefore, the relationship between the living environment and human health and the growth and development of children is extremely close. In recent years, the emergence of acute infectious atypical pneumonia (SARS), H1NI swine flu, and super bacteria have demonstrated the importance of indoor environmental health. Therefore, the new concepts of "healthy home" and "smart home" highlight its importance, that is, home should put safety, health and comfort first.

Strengthening the real-time monitoring and management of the environmental conditions of the home environment (including harmful gas content, air humidity, indoor temperature, smoke caused by fire, etc.) can provide people with a safe, healthy and comfortable living environment.

【Overall System Design】

This system is mainly for real-time monitoring of temperature, humidity, smoke concentration, carbon monoxide concentration and methane concentration in the home environment. The main tasks of the system are: automatic data collection, processing, index analysis, real-time display of index information on the LCD screen and remote monitoring webpage, when the temperature is too high, smoke concentration, harmful gas concentration exceeds the standard, local sound and light alarm Prompt and send remote alarm information to the remote monitoring host. According to needs, the environmental monitoring system mainly includes three parts: front-end information collection terminal, information processing center, and remote monitoring terminal.

Front-end information collection terminal: WIA-PA wireless sensor network has flexible and fast network topology maintenance; adaptive frequency hopping mode and retransmission mechanism to ensure communication reliability is more effective; support network message aggregation, reduce network overhead and extend Battery life; compatible with IEEE802.15.4 standard, can use existing commodity devices, easy to implement; compatible with wireless HART standard, supports HART command, it is easy to upgrade traditional instruments to add wireless communication function for them; users can easily use, manage, no need to compare High professional knowledge. Therefore, the temperature, humidity, smoke, carbon monoxide, methane and other sensors in the WIA-PA industrial wireless sensor network independently developed based on the WIA-PA standard are distributed in the home environment, collecting various environmental variable information and sending the information. Go to the wireless gateway.

The information processing center is an indoor central control machine with GM8120 as the core processor. It is mainly responsible for receiving, processing, forwarding, local real-time display, abnormal alarm, and remote sending of alarm information.

The remote monitoring terminal is the smart home remote monitoring host. After receiving the environmental information forwarded from the indoor central control machine, the remote monitoring host will display the sensor data indicators on the remote monitoring page in real time; when the remote alarm is received, the remote alarm Prompt and store the alarm information to the corresponding database. The system network topology diagram is shown in Figure 1.

At the same time, GM8120 is also a SoC chip for transmitting audio / video data on the Internet. The core is ARM9, supports MPEG-4 encoding / decoding and MPEG-4 real-time encoding / decoding can reach 30fps, and the resolution can reach D1. Rare high-integration hardware MPEG4 encoding / decoding chip. Therefore, it is a core processing chip more suitable for indoor central control machine.

【Software implementation scheme】

After the hardware platform is built, to build the software development environment of the system and develop the ARM-Linux embedded operating system, first of all, you need to establish a supporting development environment, which mainly includes the transplantation, configuration, compilation, and debugging environment of the operating system. The system program is written and implemented in SourceInsight in C language and Linux functions, and the program is compiled, debugged, and downloaded in the virtual machine.

The core of the real-time monitoring and alarm system of the smart home's home environment is the indoor central controller. The indoor central control machine is mainly responsible for receiving, forwarding, and processing home furnishing environment information, and coordinating and controlling the important equipment for normal operation of each module. Therefore, the indoor central controller has the following functional modules: indoor central controller system initialization module, environmental information capture module, environmental information processing module, real-time display information processing module, information abnormal sound alarm module, environmental information abnormal image display module. The software architecture diagram of the indoor central controller is shown in Figure 3.

System initialization module: configure and initialize all variables of the hardware of the indoor central control machine.

Environmental information capture module: The indoor central control machine captures the home air and environmental information data collected by the wireless sensors sent by the WIA-PA wireless gateway by monitoring the UDP port, and transmits the received data to the environmental information processing module.

Environmental information processing module: analyze and process the received sensor data to calculate the value of each sensor. On the one hand, the processed information is sent to the remote monitoring center, so that the data information of the remote monitoring center can also be updated in real time. On the other hand, the processed data is sent to the environment information real-time display processing module to realize the real-time display of the home environment information on the indoor central control machine.

Environmental information real-time display processing module: interface display processing is performed on the data transmitted by the environmental information processing module.

Information abnormal sound alarm module: When the indoor temperature is too high or the smoke concentration and harmful gas content exceed the standard, the indoor central unit sends out a voice alarm prompt to attract the attention of the system user.

Abnormal environmental information image display module: when the indoor temperature is too high or the smoke concentration and harmful gas content exceed the standard sound and light alarm, the indoor center machine emits an audible and visual alarm and an alarm image operation interface pops up, waiting for the user to view through the indoor center control machine touch screen Information or cancel the alarm information, etc.

After the system initialization is completed, the indoor central control machine creates a data receiving thread to obtain home environment information. The sensor will send two types of data packets: one is the network packet and the other is the data packet. After receiving the network packet, determine which sensor goes online through analysis, and then display the name of the corresponding sensor on the corresponding interface of the indoor central unit. After receiving the data packet, the data packet is processed to present valid data information, calculate the value of the sensor, and display the sensor value in real time on the indoor central control machine. At the same time, the received environmental information is sent to the remote monitoring center for timely update and display of the information. When the indoor temperature is too high or the smoke concentration and harmful gas content exceed the standard, the indoor central controller will perform real-time local alarm and send the alarm information to the remote monitoring host.

The main function test of the real-time environmental monitoring system: it mainly tests the real-time display of the environmental monitoring value and the alarm function when the environmental value is abnormal.

Hardware composition: indoor central controller, WIA-PA gateway, switch; WIA-PA temperature / humidity sensor, WIA-PA methane sensor, WIA-PA carbon monoxide sensor, WIA-PA smoke sensor, two routers each.

Software composition: Download the written program of the indoor control center machine to the indoor center control machine to ensure that the indoor center machine can work normally, and download the programs of each WIA-PA sensor and WIA-PA gateway to their respective hardware systems Ensure normal use. At the same time, open the management software of the remote monitoring center.

The location of the system test is selected in the exhibition hall arranged according to the home environment. Place an indoor central control machine at the entrance of the exhibition hall. Place the WIA-PA gateway in the switch box behind the door, arrange the sensors according to the layout of the room (living room, kitchen), and place the WIA-PA router and WIA-PA temperature and humidity sensor, WIA-PA smoke sensor in the living room , WIA-PA carbon monoxide sensor; place WIA-PA router, WIA-PA temperature and humidity sensor and WIA-PA methane sensor in the kitchen.

Test process: Connect the remote monitoring host to the indoor central controller through the network cable, and then turn on the WIA-PA wireless gateway, WIA-PA router, and various sensors. Click the wireless measurement value button under the home security main interface of the indoor central control machine to enter the environmental information monitoring data display interface. On the indoor central control machine interface, you can see the room information, sensor data information and the collected values ​​of the calculated sensors .

Adjust the heating wire of 10 ℃ ~ 100 ℃ to different temperatures and put it under the temperature sensor, you can see that the temperature sensor value on the pages of the indoor central control machine and remote monitoring center is constantly refreshed and changed in real time; when the temperature sensor value After exceeding the pre-set threshold, the indoor center control machine will issue a local sound and light alarm in real time, and send out remote alarm information at the same time. The temperature abnormal alarm prompt will also appear on the remote monitoring page. At the same time, check the database and find that there is storage of alarm information. Among them, real-time display of environmental information and alarm interface

【in conclusion】

Through the system function test, it is found that the real-time monitoring system of the home environment based on the WIA-PA wireless sensor network can better achieve the real-time collection of home environment information; the indoor central control machine can also receive, forward, process, and display environmental information in real time. Data, and perform local sound and light alarm and send remote alarm information when abnormal. The remote monitoring page can also update the environment information in real time, and the temperature is too high, harmful gas exceeds the standard alarm prompt and the storage of alarm information. Therefore, it has been verified that WIA-PA wireless sensor network can be better applied to smart home environment monitoring.

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