Packaging Enterprises' Response to WTO (1)
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1 The term “core competitiveness†of the company’s core competitiveness was first proposed by the American economists CK Prahalad and Gary Hamel in the “Harvard Business Review†in 1990: “Core competition Forces are the integrated knowledge and skills within an organization. They are the unique capabilities that companies can easily emulate in the course of their operations and can bring excess profits. "The core competitiveness can be expressed in detail as a long-term business. Formed in the company's internal quality, the company's unique; support the past, present and future of the company's competitive advantage, and make enterprises in the competitive environment to obtain active core capabilities.
The core competitiveness is the organic integration of enterprise management systems and technical systems, and it is a comprehensive embodiment of the competitiveness and competitive advantages of enterprises under specific operating conditions. The core competitiveness not only represents the key technology or management operating mechanism of the company, but more importantly, the organic integration between them is the comprehensive improvement of various resources and capabilities of the company. The core competitiveness has become the key factor in the success or failure of today's corporate market competition. It is also the basis for the company's ability to control the future and master the future market competition initiative.
Since the reform and opening up, after more than 20 years of rapid development, China's packaging industry has risen to the 14th among 40 major industries in the national economy. After China's accession to the WTO, packaging companies are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Improving the core competitiveness of packaging enterprises is the source of survival and prosperity for the packaging industry in China.
2 At present, the overall situation and existing problems of China's packaging companies are constrained by factors such as the overall economic development level of our country and the relatively short development time of the packaging industry. The long-standing product quality of packaging companies in China is not high, the organization is scattered, and the development capacity is weak. The problem has not been solved fundamentally and there is a clear lack of core competitive advantages compared with other foreign industries.
First of all, from the point of view of the packaging product structure, the technical content of the product is not high and the level is low. In particular, high-tech products and high-grade raw materials cannot meet the needs of the rapid development of the national economy. On the one hand, some medium and low-end products with limited market capacity and low technological content have excess production capacity and products have a backlog; on the other hand, there is a serious shortage of high-tech content, high-grade products and raw materials that the market urgently needs, and they have to rely on imports for a long time.
From a technical point of view, it is mainly because the technology base is weak and the technological innovation capability is insufficient. The advanced technology sources mainly depend on foreign countries. For example, compared with developed countries, China's packaging machinery products lag behind in the overall level for 20 years. At present, only about 5% of China's packaging machinery products can reach the level of developed countries in the early 1990s.
From the organizational structure point of view, the main focus is on low production concentration and serious dispersion. China's packaging industry failed to form a large-scale enterprise and enterprise group that has a large market share, represents the industry level, and has international competitiveness. It has also failed to form a large number of specialized cooperative supporting plants that have unique features and organize production on an economic scale. .
a. Small packaging companies, poor professionalism, and low production concentration. For a long time, the investment in the packaging industry in China has been decentralized, the distribution has been repeated, the scale of the enterprises has generally been small, the production concentration is low, and economies of scale have not yet been formed. The added value of the packaging industry in Western developed countries is generally more than 2% of the GDP. The value added of China's packaging industry in the GDP only reaches 0.6%. At the same time, the level of specialization of packaging enterprises in China is poor, and the degree of production concentration is low, and the efficiency of enterprises is difficult to increase. For example, China's paper product packaging companies are relatively small in size, with less than 20 million square meters of companies annually, most of them are under 10 million square meters, and the total capacity of carton processing and production is higher than the current actual demand. This will not only make it difficult for enterprises to achieve economies of scale and reduce costs, but also because a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises will compete for limited market share at the same time. This will necessitate a “self-restraint†vicious price competition, bringing the entire carton processing industry into the market. Danger
b. The company's investment in research and development is low, the product design is low, and replacement is slow. Due to the irrational organizational structure of China's packaging industry, the mass production system based on professional cooperation has not yet formed. Enterprises do not have sufficient strength to conduct large research and development investment, which seriously hinders technological progress in the entire industry, resulting in The product replacement is slow and the competitiveness is not strong. The packaging companies generally have relatively little investment in R&D of new products, and their production equipments are slow to update, and new product and new technology development capabilities are low. The industry’s research and technology development capabilities are also generally low. So far, the entire industry has not yet had an authoritative and truly scientific research and development institution. The entire packaging industry technology, new product development and technological innovation have not yet formed a strong synergy; (to be continued)