32 kinds of wood hardness comparison table! I don't know how to make furniture?

There are many kinds of wood suitable for making furniture. The hard wood quality is more suitable for the openwork process. Because the wood is stable, the furniture produced is also very long, and the furniture made of cork is more affordable. The production of furniture, pay attention to the selection of materials, the selection of materials for the soft and hard mix, to ensure the use of results. Therefore, it is very important to have a very vivid wood hardness table, and the wood grain, hardness and color are clear at a glance!

The top three wood hardnesses are rosewood, dragon and sandalwood, and sandalwood. The lowest wood hardness is African balsa and elm.

The 1290bf hardness of the commonly used red oak in the United States is a comparative value. The harder the wood, the more expensive or better. For example, walnut is softer than red oak, but the price is much more expensive. In addition, most superhard woods are cherished species that need to be protected.

Let's take a look at the ranking of wood hardness!

The unit in the figure is Janka Hardness. The test method is to press a 11.28 mm diameter steel ball into the wood with a pressure gauge to a depth of half the height of the steel ball.

Rosewood (Pterocarpus santalinus)

Origin: Mysore, South India

Features: The heartwood and sapwood are distinctly different, the sapwood is narrow, the white, the sapwood to the heartwood is changing rapidly; the heartwood of the newly cut material is orange-red, and for a long time, it becomes red wine color, its color is purple black or almost black. Shiny, textured, sturdy, compact, loose-pored. The tube hole is medium to small or small and barely visible under the naked eye. The tube hole does not contain an invading body, and contains many red brown gum or white deposits or no. The wood rays are extremely thin, and the magnifying glass is not clear and slightly dense.

Material properties: Difficult to dry, slow, but less cracking, heartwood is immune to tree rot fungi, termites and other insect pests, and has strong durability, so it does not require preservative treatment. The wood is tough and the wood is tough, extremely hard and extremely hard. Oblique texture.

Santalum album

Origin: India, Southeast Asia, Australia

Features: white sapwood, odorless, heartwood, light yellowish brown when freshly cut, dark brown after exposure to the atmosphere, dark reddish brown after a long time, somewhat lustrous luster, woody fragrant, this special Fragrance does not scatter for thousands of years. No special taste, occasionally a weak wavy texture or a rare bird's eye pattern on the diameter section, the structure is extremely thin and uniform. Loose hole material. The wood rays are very thin and visible under the magnifying glass.

Material: The material is fine and heavy. When the water content is 12%, the density is 0.92g/cm3, the hardness is medium to hard, the texture is straight or slightly wavy and dense. Slow drying and durability.

Ebony (Diospyros ebemum)

Origin: India, Sri Lanka

Features: The heartwood and sapwood are distinctly different, and the sapwood is white or yellowish white and wide. The heartwood is black and yellow with a light black stripe. After the wood is polished, the black metal luster appears, the processed surface is hard and smooth, the texture is irregular or wavy, the structure is extremely fine, dense and uniform, no special odor, the wood ray is very thin, and the heart material is thin with a white belt.

Material: The material is dense, especially hard and heavy. The air-dry density is 1.16g/cm3. It is not easy to dry. It is prone to end cracking or surface cracking during drying. It has strong durability and immunity to leave beetle.

Teak (Tectona grandis)

Origin: India, Malaya, Myanmar and Thailand

Features: The heart and sapwood are distinctly different, the sapwood is light yellow-brown; the heartwood is golden yellow, and the long-term becomes dark yellow-brown. In the dry and growing areas, there are many brown latitude and longitude, the chord surface is parabolic, the wood is shiny, and the new material is slightly stimulated. Sexual odor, no taste, fat touch, oily touch on pomelo wood, texture is usually straight, but also in the same producing area, there are also interlaced textures, the structure is slightly thicker, the ring hole material, the growth wheel is obvious, Very wide and uneven. There are many wood rays, which are visible under the naked eye.

Materiality: The density of teak produced in Myanmar is 0.60g/cm3. The wood is in good condition and needs to be covered when it is naturally dry to prevent drying too fast; the stability is good, the swelling is small, the color of the material is easy to change, but the color of the wood after drying is the same. It has strong corrosion resistance, strong anti-corrosion and difficult anti-corrosion treatment. The sapwood is susceptible to insects, but the heartwood is highly resistant to termites and sea wood rot. Has good mechanical properties and is resistant to corrosion.

Manglietia fordiana

made in China

Features: The difference between the edge forest is obvious. The sapwood is grayish yellow, the heartwood is small, and the color is yellowish brown. The texture is straight, the structure is fine, and the material is light. The annual rings are obvious, the width is narrow and uniform, and the wheel circles have thin lines. Loose hole material. The tube hole is slightly more, very small, evenly distributed, the wood ray is less, slightly thin, unevenly distributed, and the wooden ray markings of the diameter surface are not obvious.

Material: Air dry density is 0.437g/cm3, light. Dry and easy to dry. Heartwood wear-resistant, strong resistance to termites and insects.

Cinnamomum camphora

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious or slightly obvious. The sapwood is wide, yellowish brown to taupe, and the heartwood is reddish brown or stained with dark stripes. Wood has a typical camphor smell. Shiny, textured or staggered, with a fine structure. The annual rings are obvious, the width is uneven, the early material is slightly wider, and the late material is darker, forming a dark wheel boundary. From the hole to the loose hole. The early tube to the late tube hole gradually becomes smaller. The axial thin-walled tissue is bundled in a bundle, with a few wings; the wood ray is fine, and the scale is visible.

Material: Air dry density 0.535g/cm3, light. Drying is easy to warp and crack, dry and shrink. It is not easy to decay and insects, has strong durability and smooth cut surface.

Phoebe zhennan

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is not obvious. The wood yellow brown is slightly greenish. Shiny and aroma, the texture is slanted and the structure is fine. The annual rings are obvious. There are dark brown thin lines in the wheel circle. Loose hole material. The tube hole is thin. Axial thin-walled tissue loops. The wood ray is fine, wide and uneven, and the diameter of the surface is fine and dense.

Material properties: air dry density is 0.61g/cm3, medium. There is warpage during drying, it is not rotted for a long time, easy to process, smooth cut surface; good paint and adhesive.

Dalbergia hupeana

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is not obvious, the wood is light yellowish brown. The annual rings are slightly obvious, and the width is uneven. The porous material, the tube holes are slightly small, small to medium, mostly distributed separately. The axial thin-walled structure is rich, and the fistula-shaped wing-like, poly-winged, strip-shaped band-shaped, wheel-bound, wood ray fine, slightly smaller, lighter in color. String mask wave marks.

Material properties: air dry density of 0.987g/cm3, heavy. Drying is slow. Corrosion resistant, but susceptible to insects. The material is hard, the cutting is difficult, and the cut surface is smooth. Wear-resistant and impact resistant.

Eucalyptus (Sophora Japonica)

made in China

Features: The heart and sapwood are distinctly different, the sapwood is narrow, yellow-white, and the heartwood is dark gray-brown. The texture is straight, the structure is slightly thick, and the annual rings are obvious. Usually the window is uneven. Ring hole material. In the early tube hole to slightly larger, usually 2-3 columns of heartwood often contain brown gum, the late material tube hole is slightly smaller, or a cluster or short tangent. The wood ray is fine and light, and the color is light.

Material: air dry density 0.722g/cm3, medium, wear-resistant, but the sapwood is easy to worm, easy to cut, smooth cut surface.

Robinia pseudoacacia

made in China

Features: The heart and sapwood are distinctly different, the sapwood is light yellow, very narrow; the heartwood is dark yellowish brown, the wood is shiny, the texture is straight, the structure is thick, the annual rings are obvious, usually wide and uneven. Ring hole material. The early tube hole is medium to large, 2 to several columns wide, dense, and completely filled with infill in the heart material. The late tube holes are small and small, the middle part is scattered, and the edges are arranged in a group or laterally connected into intermittent concentric bands. The axial thin-walled structure is rich, the tubular shape is tubular, wing-shaped, and poly-winged. The wood rays are in the middle, and the radial ray markings are not obvious.

Material: air dry density 0.792g/cm3, heavy, dry should be slow, otherwise easy to warp, heartwood durable and moisture resistant and fire resistant, sapwood is not resistant to corrosion, susceptible to insects. It is difficult to machine and cut, and the cut surface is smooth. Paint and glue are very good.

Flower palm wood (Ormosia hosiei)

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is very obvious. The sapwood is light yellowish brown; the heartwood is dark brown with yellow (chocolate), the texture is slanted, the structure is medium and shiny. The wood ray is slightly visible under the eyes, and the chord has a wave mark. The annual rings are not obvious. Loose hole material. The tube hole is small, visible to the naked eye, alone or in duplicate tube holes (mostly 2-3). The tube hole contains white deposits, and the axial thin-walled tissue is quite abundant, which is obvious under the naked eye.

Material: hard material weight, air dry density 0.742g/cm3, dry is not easy, sapwood and heartwood chord shrinkage difference is large, often cracked at the heart and sapwood junction, can resist corrosion, but sapwood is susceptible to insects. Wood is easy to process, cutting is not difficult, and the glue and paint performance is good. Strong nail holding power.

Liquidambar (Liquidambar formosana)

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is not obvious. Wood taupe to grayish red. The sapwood is easy to change, the texture is staggered, and the structure is fine. The annual rings are not obvious. Loose hole material. The tube holes are evenly distributed and the wood ray is fine. The axially injured gum lane is a string on the cross-section and often contains white deposits.

Material: air dry density 0.588g/cm3, medium, dry and easy to warp deformation, expansion and contraction rate is also large, so it must be slowly dried, not resistant to corrosion, heartwood is easy to decay when standing, sapwood is easy to change after harvesting The decaying material has a dark "border". Not easy to chapped. Paint coloring and bonding performance is good.

Alnus cremastogyne

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is not obvious, the wood is yellow, and after a long time, it has a light reddish brown color, the texture is straight, the structure is fine and loose, the annual rings are obvious, and the annual ring is thin and wavy. Diffuse material, the number of tube holes is large and small. Uniform distribution, alone or in 2 to several diameters. The wood ray has two kinds of width and narrowness, and the wide ray pattern on the diameter surface is slightly obvious, slightly the same color, often with plaque.

Material properties: light air density is light. It is easy to dry, without excessive warping and cracking, and easy to shape after drying. Easy to anti-corrosion treatment, but it is not resistant to corrosion, the wood section must be sawed in time, otherwise it will easily produce green-brown discoloration. Good paint and adhesive properties.

Quercus acutissima

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is taupe or dark brown and is slightly wider. Heartwood reddish brown or chestnut brown. The wood is shiny. The texture is straight or oblique, the structure is thick, the annual rings are obvious, and the unevenness is uneven. Ring hole material. The early tube holes are very large, 1 to several columns, and there are many invasive bodies. The late material tube holes are small, arranged in a row or in a flame, and the color is light. The axial thin-walled structure is rich, and the ring type and the strip are strip-shaped. There are two kinds of wood ray, wide and narrow. The former is very wide, and the surface has beautiful and obvious ray markings.

Material properties: air dry density 0.93g/cm3, heavy. It is not easy to dry and is prone to cracking and warping. Wood is resistant to wear and is resistant to wear. Paint and glue properties are still good.

柞木 (Quercus mongolica)

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is yellowish white with brownish brown, heartwood brown to dark brown, sometimes slightly yellow. Shiny. The latitude and longitude is straight or oblique, and the structure is thick. The annual rings are very obvious and wavy. Ring hole material. The late tube holes are small to very small and most are arranged in a radial pattern. With an invading body. The axial thin-walled tissue is tubular and uncut. The wood ray has two types: wide and narrow. The former has a small number, the color is light, and the surface of the ray is shiny and shiny, which constitutes a very obvious marking.

Material properties: air dry density is 0.766g/cm3, heavy, difficult to dry, easy to warp and crack, water and wear resistant. The nail holding power is large, the paint coloring performance is good, and the glue is not easy.

Walnut (Juglans regia)

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is light yellowish brown with ash; the heartwood is reddish-brown with black and white, even with dark brown, often with dark stripes, and the skin is chocolate in the air for a long time. The texture is straight or oblique, the structure is slightly thin, shiny, the annual rings are obvious, and the wheel boundary is microwave-like. Loose hole material. The tube hole is small and visible to the naked eye. The early tube hole is clear under the naked eye, slightly with a ring of holes; gradually decreases to the outer edge of the annual ring. Most of the tube holes are single or complex tube holes, diameter or diagonal, and a few contain invaders. The wood ray is fine and many, I am shallow, visible under the naked eye, with a diameter or a column, and a few contain an invader. The wood ray is fine and light, light in color, visible under the naked eye, and has ray markings on the diameter surface.

Material: The material is slightly hard, slightly heavier, the density is 0.672g/cm3, the color is beautiful; the drying is slow, the property is stable after drying, no deformation, during the drying process, it will produce cleft palate, wear-resistant, paint and The glue has good performance.

Engelhardtia roxburghiana

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious to slightly obvious. The wood is taupe to pale reddish brown, the color is beautiful, the texture is straight or oblique, the structure is cumbersome, the annual ring is slightly obvious and wide.阗 阗 至 至 散 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至 至Complex tube holes (2 to several) are common, radial or oblique. The axial thin-walled structure is developed, and the main line is line-shaped. The wood ray is fine and slightly visible under the naked eye, and there are ray spots on the diameter surface.

Material: The material is slightly light, the density is 0.569g/cm3, it is not difficult to dry, less cracking after drying, no deformation. Wood is elastic and wood is easy to process. Among the properties of the paint, the glue is good, and the nail holding force is not broken.

Feng Yang (Pterocarya stenoptera)

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is not obvious, the wood is light brown and yellowish. The wood is shiny and the texture is often staggered and in the structure. The annual ring is slightly obvious and wide. Semi-dispersed material to loose hole material. The tube hole is slightly small to medium. It is easy to see under the naked eye. The axial thin-walled structure is visible under the enlarged mirror, and is mainly tangential (light color, thin and many) from the tube, and is an intermittent string. The wood ray is fine and clear under the mirror, and the wooden ray markings of the diameter surface are visible.

Material: The material is soft, the density is 0.386g/cm3, it is easy to warp when dry, it is not resistant to corrosion, the paint and the glue performance are good, the nail holding country is not strong, but it does not split.

Ulmus propinqua

made in China

Features: The heart and sapwood are distinctly different, the sapwood is narrow, dark yellow, and the heartwood is dark purple taupe. The wood has a straight texture and a rough structure. The annual rings are very obvious, and the width and width are uneven. Ring hole material. The early material tube hole is large. The late tube holes are so small that they are gathered along the annual rings into a discontinuous wavy arrangement. Axial thin-walled tissue is not easy to see. The wood ray is fine and small, and the horizontal or spotted ray pattern is visible on the evenly distributed surface.

Material properties: air dry density is 0.59g/cm3, medium. Difficult to dry, easy to crack and warp. Not resistant to corrosion, preservatives are easy to inject.

Ulmus pumila

made in China

Features: The heart and sapwood are distinctly different, the sapwood is yellowish brown, and the heartwood is dark reddish brown. The wood is shiny. The texture is straight and the structure is thick. The annual rings are obvious, narrow to very wide, slightly wavy. Ring holes, a few contain invaders. The late tube hole is small, in the form of a complex tube hole and a tube hole group, and is composed of an intermittent tangential shape, and the axial thin-walled tissue is tubular and generally wavy around the late tube hole. Wood ray is small, fine to very fine.

Material properties: air dry density is 0.639g/cm3, medium. It is difficult to dry, has large shrinkage, is easy to warp and crack, has strong durability, and is easy to handle. Coloring and paint properties are good. Gluing is easy.

Zelkova schneideriana

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is wide, yellowish brown or light reddish brown, and the heartwood is reddish brown. Shiny, straight texture, fine structure to the middle, the annual rings are obvious, uneven, and the difference between morning and evening is significant. Ring hole material, the early material tube hole is large. Contains red brown gum. Late tube holes are small, oblique, tangential or wavy. Axial thin-walled tissue fistula type. In the wood ray, the radial ray markings are obvious.

Material properties: air dry density is 0.81g/cm3, heavy, difficult to dry, improper drying and cracking, strong durability, easy to prevent corrosion. Good paint and adhesive properties.

Schima superba

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is not obvious. The wood is light yellowish brown to light reddish brown and shiny. The texture is straight or oblique and the structure is fine. The annual rings are slightly obvious, and the wheel circles have dark evening strips. Loose hole material. The tube holes are many and small, most of them are separate, evenly distributed, and the axial thin-walled tissue is missing. The wood ray has a fine brown-red wood ray pattern on the very thin surface.

Material properties: air dry density is 0.623g/cm3, medium. Dry and easy to crack, easy to dry. Wood is weak in corrosion resistance. Easy to process, nailing force, but easy to split. Good paint and adhesion.

Phellodendron amurense

Origin: North Korea, Soviet Far East and Japan

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is yellowish white with gray, very narrow, generally 2-5mm; the heartwood is dark chestnut brown. The texture is straight, the structure is thick and shiny. The color and pattern are very beautiful. Has a bitter taste. The annual rings are obvious, narrow and even. Ring hole material. The early tube hole is slightly larger and clearer under the naked eye. The wood ray is fine to very fine, few in number, slightly visible under the naked eye, and light in color.

Material: The material is light and soft, the density is 0.499g/cm3, the paint and glue performance are good, the nail holding power is medium, and it is not easy to split.

Stinking spring (Ailanthus altissima)

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is slightly obvious. The sapwood is yellowish white and the heartwood is light yellowish brown. The texture is straight, the structure is thick, the wood is silky and the taste is slightly bitter. The annual rings are obvious, wide and even. Ring hole material. The early tube hole is large and obvious under the naked eye. Contains gum; late tube hole is small, few, not visible under the naked eye. The wood ray is small, slightly wide to thin, the former is obvious under the naked eye, the color is light, the radial ray pattern is visible, and the string surface ray is clear.

Material: The wood has a medium weight and a density of 0.637g/cm3. It is easy to dry. If it is not handled properly, warpage will occur, and small cracks may occur between them; it is not resistant to corrosion and blue.

Bitter (Melia azedarach)

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is yellowish white, very narrow; the heartwood is purple-brown to red. The texture is straight or oblique, the structure is thick and lustrous, the annual rings are obvious, very wide and uneven. Ring hole material. The size of the early tube hole is medium, and the inner eye is easy to see. Contains reddish-brown gum; late tube holes are slightly less, very small to slightly smaller, visible to the naked eye. The wood ray is fine, the color is light, visible under the naked eye; there are ray markings on the diameter surface.

Wood properties: medium weight, density of 0.6g/cm3, good dryness, heartwood is more resistant to corrosion, but sapwood is vulnerable to mites. The wood is easy to machine, easy to cut, and the cut surface is quite smooth.

Pistacia chinensis

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is grayish yellow or taupe, wide, and the heartwood is yellowish brown. It is dark brown in the exposed atmosphere and sometimes has ginger stripes on the longitudinal side. The texture is straight or oblique, and the structure is fine and shiny. The annual rings are obvious and slightly wide and uneven. Ring hole material. The early tube holes are medium in size and visible under the naked eye. There are many holes in the late material, very few, only visible under the magnifying glass. The wood ray is fine, visible under the naked eye, light in color; there are ray markings on the diameter surface.

Material: The material is heavy, the density is 0.764g/cm3, easy to dry, but it is easy to produce radial splitting; strong toughness, easy to dry and bend.

Maple (Acer mono)

Origin: Soviet Union, North Korea, Japan

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is not obvious, the wood is fleshy red, and there are often false heartwood with gray-purple and green spots. The texture is straight, the structure is fine and shiny. The plaque is significant. The annual rings are slightly obvious, narrow and even, and the annual rings are dark and thin. The wheel boundary is angular and slightly spider-like. Loose hole material. The wood ray is fine, the color is light, and the naked eye is clear. The ray pattern on the surface of the track is obvious and beautiful; the chord surface is short-lined, which is obvious under the magnifying glass.

Wood properties: wood is slightly heavy, hard, density is 0.709g/cm3, wood drying is slow, cracking often occurs during drying, but the phenomenon of anti-warping is not serious; moderate corrosion resistance, difficult to inject preservative. High mechanical strength, high elasticity and wear resistance.

Fraxinus mandshurica

made in China

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is obvious. The sapwood is yellowish white and narrow; the heartwood is taupe. The texture is straight, the pattern is beautiful, the structure is thick and shiny. The annual rings are obvious, and the width is narrow and even. Ring hole material. The early tube hole is medium to large and obvious under the naked eye. The tube hole of the late material is very small and can be seen under the enlarged microscope. The wood ray is fine and can only be distinguished under the naked eye and the color is light.

Material: The wood is slightly hard and hard, the density is 0.686g/cm3, it is not easy to dry, the shrinkage is large, and it is easy to produce cracking defects; it is more resistant to corrosion and water. The material is tough and has good bending resistance. Good paint and glue performance.

Shorea (Shorea pclysperma)

Origin: Philippines

Features: The heartwood and sapwood are distinctly different, the sapwood is yellow or taupe, narrow; the heartwood is reddish brown to deep reddish brown with purple, the growth rings are not obvious, but due to the dry and wet season, there are unclear wheel layers, texture interlaced It has a beautiful strip pattern, medium to thick structure, loose pore material, large tube hole, clear eyes, evenly distributed with invading body. The wood rays are very thin and barely visible on the chord.

Material properties: general dry conditions and medium durability.

Pentacme contorta

Origin: Philippines

Features: The difference between heart and sapwood is not very obvious. The sapwood turns yellowish white and turns into light grayish brown; the heartwood is light gray to yellowish brown with peach color. Axial parenchyma is not visible under the naked eye, but can be seen under the enlarged microscope. The fistula is sparse, short-winged and chord-like, strip-shaped or scattered around the tree.

Material: light to slightly hard and heavy, density is 0.38-0.53g/cm3, slow drying, low durability, easy processing, general sawing, good planing performance, good adhesion.

Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)

Origin: West Indies, South America, Cuba

Features: The heartwood and sapwood are distinctly different, the sapwood is white to pale yellow; the heartwood is reddish brown to reddish brown to reddish reddish, with silky luster, beautiful, texture until staggered, or with wavy strip pattern, slightly thicker structure , dense. No special smell, loose hole material. The tube holes are visible under the naked eye, evenly distributed, and more sensitive. The tube holes contain white matter or gum, and the tube is visible under the naked eye. The wood rays are clearly visible under the magnifying glass.

Material: The material is soft and hard, the air-drying density is 0.60-0.68g/cm3, the dry density is about 0.55g/cm3, easy to dry, not easy to crack and warp.

Susie (Caesalpina sappan)

Origin: Vietnam, Myanmar, India

Features: The heartwood and sapwood are very different. The heartwood is fresh orange-red, and the exposed atmosphere is deep red and bright. It is very bright and pleasing to the eye; the sapwood is narrow, grayish white, the texture is straight, the structure is fine and uniform, the aroma is slightly aroma, and there is no significant after drying. The smell. The cut surface wood is shiny. Loose hole material. The growth wheel is noticeable, slightly wider and usually uniform. The tube hole is small and visible under the naked eye.

Material properties: less warpage after drying, if cracks are not easy to occur. Durable. The material is very hard and heavy, with a density of 0.95g/cm3. After the wood is processed, the planing surface is smooth.

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